admin Stem cells are special “master” cells in the body that can develop into many different cell types and also make copies of themselves, acting as a repair system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells found in tissues like bone marrow, adipose (fat) tissue, and umbilical cords. Scientists value them for their ability to reduce inflammation, modulate immune responses, and repair or regenerate damaged tissue. These properties explain why MSC therapy has gained traction across a wide range of conditions. “Adult” in stem cells means the cells come from fully developed tissues like bone marrow or fat, not from embryos.
In osteoarthritis, researchers have shown that MSCs help rebuild cartilage and reduce joint inflammation. Patients often report improved mobility and less pain. MRI studies confirm these changes, showing better cartilage thickness and reduced joint degradation after therapy.
For ischaemic stroke, MSCs appear to reduce brain cell death and stimulate repair by releasing neurotrophic factors—molecules that support brain cell survival. Clinical trials have reported improvements in motor function and daily activities when MSCs are infused within a therapeutic window post-stroke.
In Alzheimer’s disease, early studies indicate that MSCs reduce amyloid plaques and modulate immune activity in the brain. These effects may slow cognitive decline, though larger trials are still needed to confirm their long-term benefit.
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes both involve damage to insulin-producing cells and inflammation. MSCs promote the repair of pancreatic tissue and improve insulin sensitivity. Some clinical evidence shows reduced insulin needs and better blood sugar control after treatment.
For chronic kidney disease, MSCs help by reducing fibrosis (scarring), lowering inflammation, and possibly enhancing the function of damaged nephrons—the filtering units of the kidney. Patients experience slowed disease progression and improved kidney function markers.
In spinal cord injuries, MSCs create a more favourable environment for nerve repair. Animal models and some human case studies suggest recovery of motor function and reduced secondary damage when therapy is introduced early.
Autoimmune disorders—like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis—respond well to MSCs because these cells help rebalance the immune system. They calm overactive immune responses while preserving the body’s ability to fight infections.
Burns and deep tissue injuries benefit from MSC therapy’s ability to accelerate healing, limit scarring, and reduce infection risk. MSCs stimulate blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), which delivers nutrients and oxygen to damaged tissue more efficiently.
In cardiovascular diseases, MSCs have shown promise in repairing heart tissue after heart attacks, improving heart function, and lowering systemic inflammation. Some studies also suggest MSC therapy can reduce blood pressure by supporting vascular repair and lowering stress on the heart.
Across all these uses, safety data is strong. Clinical trials consistently report that MSC therapy has a low risk of adverse events. Because MSCs are immune-privileged—they do not trigger strong immune responses—they can be used across donors without the need for perfect genetic matching.
Further Reading
- Osteoarthritis
Pers, Y. M., et al. (2016). Mesenchymal stem cells for the management of inflammation in osteoarthritis: State of the art and perspectives. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 24(4), 597–603.
- Ischaemic Stroke
Bang, O. Y., et al. (2016). Stem cell therapy for stroke: A review. Journal of Stroke, 18(3), 267–281.
- Alzheimer’s Disease
Kim, H. J., et al. (2020). Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer’s disease: A review of clinical trials and perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 906.
- Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 & 2)
Hu, J., et al. (2016). Mesenchymal stem cells: A promising therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 115, 39–52.
- Spinal Cord Injuries
Zhou, X. H., et al. (2021). Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Journal of Translational Medicine, 19, 1–15.
- Autoimmune Disorders
Wang, D., et al. (2021). Mesenchymal stem cells in autoimmune diseases: From mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Journal of Translational Autoimmunity, 4, 100118.
- Burns and Deep-Seated Tissue Injuries
Xu, Y., et al. (2019). Application of mesenchymal stem cells in skin tissue engineering and wound healing. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 10(1), 1–10.
- Cardiovascular Diseases
Madonna, R., et al. (2016). Cardioprotection by MSCs: Pathophysiology and clinical application. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 22(9), 715–730.
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